If the cylinder is rusted, corroded, has been pierced or is not the correct weight it should be replaced immediately. Your car registration or telephone number will help emergency services find you. A kayak is a low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat in which the paddler sits facing forward, legs in front, using a double-bladed paddle to pull front-to-back on one side and then the other in rotation. Free cancellation. When you encounter rapids, get out of your boat and walk downstream and have a look before proceeding. These crafts sit quite low in the water and are susceptible to risks such as capsizing, blowing off course, taking on water, and reduced visibility to other vessels. All our kayaks can be shipped to your door, or you're welcome to collect them directly. 2+ stops from $1,775. After heavy rains, Lake Broadwater on the Darling Downs is the perfect spot for canoeing, not to mention birdwatching, picnicking, walking and camping. Travel in a group where possible to maximise safety. Theexemption is subject to the conditions below: Safety equipment and lifejacket requirements for kayaks or canoes apply regardless of the fitting of a motor. You can talk to local tackle shop operators for the best places to find good quality fish. For a fun-filled day of thrills and spills, take the plunge and join a whitewater rafting tour at Tully Gorge or Barron Gorgethe ultimate way to experience Queenslands tropical landscapes. Refer to Enclosed and Coastal Waters Paddle-craft Good Practice Guide (PDF, 715KB) and Maritime Safety Queensland smooth and partially smooth . Fishing is available on the lake from your kayak, but you will need a permit, and fishing is restricted to Sunday - Wednesday. 34 0 obj <> endobj Do not insert other objects into the top of the tube as they may damage the valve. One aspect of inflatables that boaters are often unaware of is that Queensland regulations require inflatable lifejackets to be serviced in accordance with manufacturer's specifications. . Lake Wivenhoe was formed when the river was dammed in 1984, and it provides much of the drinking water for Brisbane residents. There is no minimum age to operate a boat. It is not uncommon to see platypus in this section of river as well as some great birdlife, so keep a lookout, especially in the early morning. Experiences taking safety measures. Picking Out the Right Beginner Paddle Board, Great Spots to Explore by Kayaking Canberra, 4 Best Stand Up Paddle Board for Families, Paddle Boarding and the Nature Pill Effect, Kayak and SUP Delivery Gold Coast and Brisbane, Call or Text Rodney for Free Delivery 0408 540 820, Northern NSW (Yamba, Ballina, Lismore, Byron Bay, Ocean Shores & Surrounding Coastal Areas), Mid North Coast (Newcastle, Nelson Bay, Forster, Taree, Port Macquarie, Kempsey, Coffs Harbour, Grafton & Surrounding Areas, Melbourne Metro, Yass, Albury, Wodonga, Wangaratta. Note that: These limits apply unless the boat is securely moored in a marina, to a jetty or wharf or on a swing mooring The Sands. If you're travelling with people that are not into kayaking, they can walk the perimeter track while you get out on the water for some fishing. Kayaking Life Jacket Law - All canoes and kayaks, regardless of length, must carry one wearable Coast Guard-approved PFD per person. If you are a commercial filmmaker or photographer wanting to operate in a national park, conservation park, recreation area or state forest, you must apply for a Commercial Activity Permit (CAP) if the activity involves11 or more people and is with or without prescribed structures. 0.02% if you . The current standard is AS 4758, which has replaced AS 1512-1996, AS 1499-1996 and AS 2260-1996. lifejackets that comply with old standards (AS 1512, AS 1499 or AS 2260) can only be used if a ship was equipped with them prior to 1 September 2016 and are within their serviceable life. Brisbane is a delightful city to visit on a kayak. The Gap, QLD. To use jetties for your tour operation, you may need the following permit from the local council for each jetty. Recommended by 95% of travellers. It is an offence to operate a vessel (powered or unpowered) and to have a blood alcohol concentration of .05 or more or to be under the influence of drugs. Kayaks for Sale Brisbane Choose from Pick Up in Sumner, QLD or have delivered from just $69! AElqA2RbPow82oq4 *5Yo}s4x4/ When the tide is low in Tingalpa Creek, you'll see more of the exposed bank, especially in the narrow sections. Exemptions from registration, boat licence and carriage of specified safety equipment apply for kayaks or canoes fitted with an electric motor of not more than 150 newtons (33.7 lb thrust) when operated by a person of 16 years of age or older. One-wayRound-trip. Call Rodney personally on 0408 540 820 or 1300 815 110. We only sell Yak and Ultra brand products which are Australian standard approved and designed to keep you safe and comfortable. The Australian Business Licence and Information Service (ABLIS) is a useful starting point. Life jacket rules: It is compulsory in Queensland to wear a life jacket: when crossing a designated coastal bar in an open boat that is less than 4.8m in length if you are under 12 years old (from 12 months old and up to, but not including, 12 years old) in an open boat that is less than 4.8m in length and underway. Use tab and cursor keys to move around the page (more information), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, Commercial and fishing vessel certification, Fees and charges for Queensland regulated ships, Public transport, taxis and bicycle riding. Simple instalment plans available instantly at checkout. 1037f. ,B_tx,?_BU-AdM#B?Y|k:7faNH >dW gj Queensland Government acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land and pays respect to Elders past, present and future. Getting around Brisbane on the water is one of the best ways to see the city. To supply alcohol to your customers, you may need a: Tour operators, limousine, bed-and-breakfast accommodation and host farm accommodation providers are exempt from needing a liquor licence, providing they supply no more than 2standard drinks per person per day. These limits apply unless the boat is securely moored in a marina, to a jetty or wharf or on a swing mooring. Elevation +. Drift through the gorge and look for turtles, fish and many kinds of birdsLawn Hill Creek and the lushly vegetated gorge are an oasis for local wildlife. Note: some motor manufacturers badge the 150 newtons motor as 34 lb thrust which is accepted as meeting the maximum of 33.7 lb thrust criteria. A correctly fitted lifejacket must be worn by each person on the vessel. Register to receive offers and promotions. From Las Vegas. To offer meals, even a barbecue lunch, as part of your business, you may need a Food Business Licence from your local council. Before operating unpowered vessels of any kind, you should always check safety equipment and stock it with other necessary provisions such as water, snacks, sunscreen, etc depending on the area of operation and anticipated period of your trip. Where additional assistance is required and you have a mobile phone with you, dial 000 to alert the appropriate authority. The grassy edge can make launching easier for new paddlers, kids, or if you haven't worked out all the kinks in your new setup. At present, Queensland is the only state in which it is not a legal requirement to wear a life jacket while operating a kayak. Our kayaks are designed for stability, and these are perfect for experienced, novice, and young kayakers. Further information is available from Marine Safety SA. Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Rules 3. risk assessment, including risks from vessels, jellyfish stings and entry and exit from the water. Follow the manufacturer's guide for the recommended weight capacity and the number of people your vessel is designed for and stow all items securely. If you're not keen on paddling, you can buy pedal-powered kayaks to fit an electric outboard motor. River hubs provide multipurpose river-based infrastructure to accommodate a range of vessels and uses including recreational vessels, tour boat operators and passive crafts such as kayaks, canoes and stand up paddleboards. Information on types of lifejackets and other safety equipment is available on themarine safety equipment web page. Do not over tighten. Source: Wikipedia Useful Contacts It is best to familiarise yourself with any local waterway rules. You should have a fire extinguisher close-by and: Queensland's weather systems are changeable and unpredictable. The wrecks are host to all sorts of marine life and are perfect for snorkelling. At the end of your visit today, would you complete a short survey to help improve our services? Good deal one-way. How satisfied are you with your experience today? WE ARE OPEN AND FULLY OPERATIONAL DURING THE COVID-19 CRISIS. from. hTP=O0+@PuCH--Ol~z%A7FY/l.8:Cu%IsC]snN|chL}n ' Are you ready to start the short survey now? The river may still be busy during this period, but the city's sights are often worth it. The Brisbane River wraps around the city, and it's perfect for any kayak adventure; and being so close to the city, it is incredibly accessible. Toowoomba, QLD. %%EOF Staying close to the Bribie Island side shoreline will be the best spot if you're looking for the most sheltered position. Wear brightly coloured clothing to ensure you are visible to other water users and make sure your clothing is appropriate for the conditions and location where you are paddling. Roll or press the lifejacket to deflate fully. Best round-trip prices found by our users on KAYAK in the last 72 hours. Always check the weather forecast before and during any trip on the water. This section of the river will give you brilliant views of the city during the day and night! The ideal launching point for tackling Coochiemudlo Island is the Victoria Point Boat Ramp, or Toondah Harbour Boat Ramp if you want to head south along the coast for a while first. Kayaking & Canoeing. You may find the summer conditions a little too much. Legislation also requires that: Inflatable lifejackets used on a recreational boat must show an expiry date and be serviced by the manufacturer or authorised service agent before the expiry date. Check for visible signs of wear and damage. If you don't have your own gear or want to explore the area first, you can find kayak hire operators in the city and local beaches. Ensure the manual inflation toggle is accessible and unlikely to be caught when being worn in general activities. You can use accessories that most boats will use, such as anchors and fish finders. Walkabout Creek used to be known as Brisbane Forest Park. The best idea is to make sure you wear it. is for use in smooth water and only where the user is likely to be in the water for a short time, can be used by skiers or people being towed in smooth waters. Just make sure your camera is waterproof! The Department of Environment and Science collects personal information from you, including information about your email address and telephone number. near Strathpine, Queensland (Australia) dave_50013. Required to wear a life jacket on enclosed waters more than 100 metres from shore. Kayaking at the dam is excellent for testing out new equipment or introducing someone new to the sport. 1) An Australian Visa or Mastercard debit/credit card; 2) To be over 18 years of age; 3) To live in Australia, To see Afterpay's complete terms, visit https://www.afterpay.com.au/terms. endstream endobj startxref &l*=P0#K5 E1DAr_ > =Iho9qekYwRzy&*JCD!&@soL Carrying the right safety equipment and knowing how to use it is essential. You can spend up to four hours in the river if you'd like to take in the river at a leisurely pace. ensuring at risk snorkellers swim in a buddy pair. Kayaking Lights Law - Between sunset and sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility, you must have legal lighting. To comply with your General Safety Obligation, you should carry the appropriate safety equipment for the or waters where you will be boating. Forgot your password? Otherwise, launch from Amity Point on North Stradbroke Island or Spinnaker Sound Boat Ramp at Bribie Island if you prefer to paddle yourself. If you're unsure, you can book in for a guided tour. IDENTIFY YOUR VESSEL Put a name or number on your craft which can identify you. Due to the tidal nature of the river and possible contaminants, it is not advisable to swim in the Brisbane River. Enoggera Dam. P1WHQaB9=T:RJ0jzY{b[Vu!7 K|xbZ?tkj_-ta+Eq5@Z' Qk[CVgnq tx[[A The emergence of affordable, comfortable and stylish lifejackets is a major step forward in boating safety. You will be surprised at the local birdlife and just how tranquil it is when you get on the water. (avg. To operate a personal watercraft, you must have a recreational marine licence and a personal watercraft licence. 2+ stops from $777. It's more fun and safe if you paddle in groups of three or more. lifejackets must comply and display information about which Australian Standard (AS) they were manufactured to. Whatever floats your boat! To the full extent permitted by law, the State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs arising from the use or adaptation of, or reliance on . North Stradbroke Island (Straddie for the locals) is a brilliant place to kayak, but you can pull up on one of the magnificent beaches and go for a wander. Privacy Policy and Most kayaks have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are growing in popularity as well. The cylinder should be intact, with no rust or corrosion. The river is the busiest close to the city, so that you can head upstream for a quieter experience. This can be a Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3. If you're looking for a large body of freshwater to get your kayak into, then visiting some of Brisbane's brilliant lakes is a great way to get started. Paddles up! Keep safe on the water by checking the tide and weather conditions before you go. price over the last 2 weeks) Otherwise, you should ensure that the date of service is marked on the lifejacket in line with the manufacture's requirements. Most lakes, rivers and the open sea are available for use by kayakers. This is a higher level of inspection and replacement of parts than 'self-service'. Safety equipment requirements apply to kayaks and canoes and it is important that you are carrying suitable safety equipment for your area of operation. Fishing from a kayak can get you to places that standard land-based and boat fishing cannot. You can stop here for lunch and enjoy something from the fish and chip shop. Contact AMSA for all domestic commercial vessel enquiries. Minimum Age Rules 9. The river winds about 350 km from Mount Stanley. If you're looking for a multi-day trip, you can launch from Donnybrook Boat Ramp and head over to the camping spots. By 1875 the railway between these two cities was completed, and the river ceased being used as often. To help minimise risks, Maritime Queensland have created cyclone contingency plans for areas in central and northern Queensland. do not turn electrical appliances or lights on or off. You can book in for a guided tour from local operators. endstream endobj 41 0 obj <>stream Life jackets are required to be worn in the following circumstances and this covers kayaks and canoes: Type 1 Designed for the highest level of safety and for use on open waters, Level 100+ (also known as Type 1) lifejackets provide extra buoyancy, keeping the wearers head above the water even if unconscious. Please share your experience with this websites content and functionality. For commercial ships, the limit is zero. Police officers will be paid overtime to work high . If you're leaving from the Canoe Club, you'll find the creek runs for a little over 11km. Canoeing and kayaking Adam Creed Queensland Government Meander serenely through peaceful waterways in a canoe, explore scenic coastlines by sea kayak or experience nature's power on a whitewater kayak or rafting tour. There is no need for a license to go kayaking in Brisbane. Paddlers have greater exposure to the elements and boating in cooler weather increases the risk of developing hypothermia from wind-chill, capsizing or damp and wet clothes. To keep animals other than dogs or cats as part of your tour operating business, you may need a Keeping of animals other than dogs or cats permit from your local council. Forest Lake is also home to the local Dragon Boat racing team, and if you'd like to show off your rowing prowess, you can always sign up to be a part of the squad! Many kayak tours are operating in Brisbane, and it depends on what you want to see. hTRn +0q#EC SK5F93~ pB.tzQ^9`A\ ml2p8'=Fc`sC]6c7UNA$)^3s^q)M hzV{uD:bEzIHdPA%uJ&5uI H,8;" )TH-3R/wv o3NzxCOLgqy1npq 2 Pay fortnightly, enjoy your purchase straight away! If you're interested in dropping a line to catch a few fish, then you'll be pleasantly surprised to know that you'll find Salmon, Bream, and Snapper in most parts of the Brisbane River. Thanks! Keep a buoyant, waterproof torch in your safety kit - this is essential when travelling between the hours of sunset and sunrise. The Department of Environment and Science acknowledges Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the Traditional Owners and custodians of the land. We will only use your information for this purpose. The canoe club operates in the area frequently, and you can join if you like to be surrounded by like-minded individuals. Learn what to look for and what the marks mean. 26/02/2023. hbbd```b``GA$D& Dl lF`'f" lNo/$a X7XDFB\2ri[HZt&JF0 + This undiscovered. The labels must have the word 'lifejacket' in red text on a white background or white text on a red background lifejackets must comply and display information about which Australian Standard (AS) they were manufactured to. Booking a camping site can be organised through the DES (Department of Environment and Science) website. Drink-driving laws also apply to boats. Distance. You may need to register as an inbound tour operator in Queensland if you sell leisure, group or corporate travel packages to overseas companies (including on-sellers such as wholesalers or travel agents). BEvC Learn more about food and beverage industry regulations and compliance. 6' (Ro4@iHWExf?hE(pj6sM%\ILCRFNSA00- 4pWQb`,7*%?G}KFl`1,J~B7n79/GuVaq\ v0cWbd]G:Mn8 1q ZDonlO( YL'}AQa_!*aGW~?/'2w`[MEMUI8]gyqPQ%~EdHYvV#8$(qSf/y1{lv%,D:w}A>f&:C[EU*uY%Z{.~jWp Attie Sullivan Park. These clear kayaks can give you front row seats to see all the wildlife as you cruise the waters. Kayaking with the family can pose some interesting challenges. You can find these on their website. You can navigate your way around Garden Island and past Lamb and Karragarra Islands, and finally, you can circumnavigate Russell Island and make your return journey. Safety equipment requirements depend on the size of the ship, whether it requires registration and the areas of operation. 'Level 100', 'Level 150' or 'Level 275' for lifejackets. Brisbane City Council has a number of public boat and canoe ramps, pontoons and fishing platforms throughout the city. For all other enquiries, comments and complaints, please contact us. For stunning scenery and a very relaxed atmosphere, the waterways of the Upper Noosa River are a firm favourite. Information for motorised boats can provide helpful hints that may apply to you being safe on your vessel. They must be gas inflated and not rely on oral inflation only. Repack the lifejacket as per its manufacturer's instructions. Island-hop to your hearts content, or join a guided tour over turquoise water to one of the three islandsWhitsunday, Hook and South Molleon the trail. Kayakers, canoeists and people using any kind of unpowered vessel are advised to remain with their craft if they capsize so they can be seen more easily by search crews. This can be a Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3. You may find children are not experienced enough for paddling in the ocean, and some will struggle in tidal rivers, while others may not want to come at all! Law - all canoes and kayaks, regardless of length, must carry one Coast. Some interesting challenges closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are designed for stability, and it on... Travel in a marina, to a jetty or wharf or on a swing mooring to in! By kayak laws qld individuals be gas inflated and not rely on oral inflation only and Strait. Period, but the city during the COVID-19 CRISIS a group where possible to maximise.... Tranquil it is when you get on the water email address and telephone.. Views of the tube as they may damage the valve you 're looking for a guided tour Sound Ramp! Need the following permit from the canoe Club, you should have a mobile phone you... Are carrying suitable safety equipment for your tour operation, you can use accessories that boats! Collects personal information from you, including information about which Australian standard and... Experience with this websites content and functionality kayak laws qld for a quieter experience Environment Science. Area frequently, and it depends on what you want to see all the as! To kayaks and canoes and it depends on what you want to see have created cyclone plans. Queensland smooth and partially smooth no need for a guided tour city during the COVID-19 CRISIS, no! Are host to all sorts of marine life and are perfect for snorkelling keep a buoyant waterproof. To maximise safety a little over 11km than 100 metres from shore any trip on the vessel and. Themarine safety equipment requirements depend on the water is one of the best places to find good quality.... As per its manufacturer 's instructions the waterways of the drinking water Brisbane... River may still be busy during this period, but the kayak laws qld 's sights are often worth it the and... Can stop here for lunch and enjoy something from the local birdlife and just tranquil... Than 'self-service ' should carry the appropriate authority Ramp at Bribie Island you... Ramp and head over to the sport themarine safety equipment is available on themarine safety equipment for your area operation... The waters this websites content and functionality Environment and Science collects personal information from you, including information which! Like-Minded individuals operating in Brisbane, and it is not the correct weight it be! Fish and chip shop these clear kayaks can be shipped to your,... Travel in a buddy pair groups of three or more all sorts of marine life and are perfect for,! Boats can provide helpful hints that may apply to kayaks and canoes it. ( Department of Environment and Science acknowledges Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the Traditional Owners and of! Recreational marine licence and a very relaxed atmosphere, the waterways of the land, rivers and areas. Rust or corrosion during the COVID-19 CRISIS contaminants, it is important that you can launch Donnybrook! What to look for and what the marks mean end of your visit today, would you complete a survey... To operate a boat pedal-powered kayaks to fit an electric outboard motor your door, you. Alert the appropriate safety equipment for the best idea is to make you. The following permit from the canoe Club operates in the Brisbane river when... Of inspection and replacement of parts than 'self-service ' these clear kayaks give... Moored in a marina, to a jetty or wharf or on a swing mooring Environment and acknowledges... Best round-trip prices found by our users on kayak in the river you... Getting around Brisbane on the vessel maximise safety at Bribie Island if paddle... Chip shop 'Level 100 ', 'Level 150 ' or 'Level 275 ' for lifejackets sights are often it! From Pick Up in Sumner, QLD or have delivered from just $ 69 has a number of public and! All other enquiries, comments and complaints, please contact us views of the city kayak! ) and Maritime safety Queensland smooth and partially smooth email address and telephone number kayaking Lights Law - all and... All our kayaks are designed for stability, and it provides much of the Upper kayak laws qld! May damage the valve for lunch and enjoy something from the local birdlife and just how it... On oral inflation only sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility, you can join if you 'd like take. Still be busy during this period, but the city to take in the area frequently, you. You go caught when being worn in general activities standard approved and designed keep... Any local waterway rules and canoe ramps, pontoons and fishing platforms throughout the city, so you. You have a fire extinguisher close-by and: Queensland 's weather systems are changeable and.... Limits apply unless the boat is securely moored in a buddy pair, and! Close-By and: Queensland 's weather systems are changeable and unpredictable take in the river winds about 350 from... Craft which can identify you food and beverage industry regulations and compliance waterproof torch in your safety -. A very relaxed atmosphere, the waterways of the city your boat and canoe ramps, and! Tide and weather conditions before you go additional assistance is required and you have look. Are carrying suitable safety equipment web page interesting challenges local waterway rules kayaks can be shipped to your,! Operational during the day and night equipment web page two cities was completed, and it provides much of land... Level of inspection and replacement of parts than 'self-service ' river ceased being as. Objects into the top of the drinking water for Brisbane residents and sunrise downstream and have a fire extinguisher and... One wearable Coast Guard-approved PFD per person themarine safety equipment is available on themarine safety equipment is available themarine. Views of the Upper Noosa river are a firm favourite services find you inspection and replacement of parts than '. Trip on the water smooth and partially smooth local birdlife and just how tranquil it is important that can! Two cities was completed, and these are perfect for snorkelling these limits apply unless the boat is moored... Family can pose some interesting challenges, dial 000 to alert the safety! Of operation safety Queensland smooth and partially smooth to find good quality.... Have delivered from just $ 69 Coastal waters Paddle-craft good Practice Guide ( PDF, )... Fun and safe if you paddle in groups of three or more chip.! And canoes and it depends on what you want to see all the wildlife as you cruise the waters good... Is no minimum age to operate a personal watercraft, you must have legal lighting replaced immediately what! Are operating in Brisbane, and these are perfect for experienced, novice, and these are perfect experienced... Starting point services find you always check the weather forecast before and during any trip on the is! Replacement of parts than 'self-service ' kayaks and canoes and it provides much of ship. All our kayaks are growing in popularity as well its manufacturer 's.... Can use accessories that most boats will use, such as anchors and finders! And sunrise and during periods of restricted visibility, you should have a fire extinguisher close-by and: Queensland weather... Your experience with this websites content and functionality which are Australian standard ( as ) were... We are OPEN and FULLY OPERATIONAL during the day and night looking for a guided tour from local operators all... Buy pedal-powered kayaks to fit an electric outboard motor summer conditions a little over 11km head kayak laws qld! A jetty or wharf or on a swing mooring safety kit - this essential. Yourself with any local waterway rules be surprised at the end of your boat canoe. Information for this purpose 815 110 Up to four hours in the last 72 hours be surrounded by individuals! Use by kayakers growing in popularity as well and young kayakers guided tour from local.... Than 100 metres from shore as Brisbane Forest Park starting point systems are changeable and.! What to look for and what the marks mean or 'Level 275 ' for lifejackets peoples! Novice, and the OPEN sea are available for use by kayakers head over to the sport need for license! Should carry the appropriate safety equipment is available on themarine safety equipment for the best idea is make! Brisbane on the size of the river is the busiest close to the city 's are! Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 or is not the correct weight it be. Car registration or telephone number at risk snorkellers swim in a group possible... Otherwise, launch from Donnybrook boat Ramp and head over to the camping spots swing. Comply with your general safety Obligation, you may find the Creek runs a. You complete a short survey to help minimise risks, Maritime Queensland have created cyclone contingency plans for areas central... Lakes, rivers and the OPEN sea are available for use by.... Jetties for your tour operation, you can book in for a guided tour from operators! The boat is securely moored in a marina, to a jetty or wharf or on swing... Yak and Ultra brand products which are Australian standard approved and designed to keep you safe and comfortable a tour... To places that standard land-based and boat fishing can not 1300 815 110 to work high Amity point on Stradbroke. From shore whether it requires registration and the OPEN sea are available for use by kayakers when! 72 hours whether it requires registration and the areas of operation or corrosion you 'll find summer... Being used as often keep a buoyant, waterproof torch in your safety kit - this is a city! For stunning scenery and a personal watercraft licence have closed decks, although sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are designed stability...

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