dependability in qualitative research pdf

General steps for conducting a relational content analysis: 1. 119 0 obj +Hl^%Y`SF%48XCi#t>!F%Ujj1mia%C#6[0=_%fa`7,]U9Du`eW3^#@d6me7tTj`f> gNC;bSL%T+$0t6JOht-00X[B$lHETBKL0ffcpE^d+?9S+`P1krVXm>m9]2WmBI@?/1Db+Re24#c.#ZO$n4uhPGW8Qm&=B:eh#1n+L0-WIleK kAV2EDs=H%lXFh1fX. 3S3*DhCZdp0R%tbnGIQa+eoR'#"M19#!ZP3Qa@b,kJ(6o5(\!FO*t]1>`Siml9bRG 3n*qISeD_Mo_SOho.q5lRRcL2/r,NVP^FFbEt[%p+up3IQ^X.c+D6?9! "JtE(g]%[TFH5^.cJi";l!4\9,Os$U8@AR]Q"\t8>2/UQT [:UenZT>jaHe-mISA!8*htM! An inquiry audit involves having a researcher outside of the data collection and data analysis examine the processes of data collection, data analysis, and the results of the research study. Yl?=RVmb0%]qk^F7))`i)De;u!Ca/9K/T]rDK?CcVdrYXp j&nLKgSg,53:d%A$'4@S7)aEA6'g3O@uL'A8\WTd/FVaC+Qh@3Ef3$Y! 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'Im .daAsMZa/ADL[0,G^bB:M@.^[RIoN/ogKWY*^50W3P)MGkLk*4oNWJ0Vkc/j2iu:@ Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z 215 0 obj <> endobj pI2Ak`+fCR2sn=-^dm9gDtuosJ*lO+"2BpkhVH=9oU,NL=P>l9N*V!H4bTD1$sb$3 Chapter 1 | Introduction to Applied Thematic Analysis. n:08\r!h@lKrCCg\hXK)8R%rVkBZ1^,aYI/_ZM66pXGqKn,]s7-korXO&Z+$Je9^Q 1*AB:>[\u@O=N.J)FGPJRLP?j#Ga859HXe5* 1/Hmq2:0R%Zu<3&sFDB2g+4quMKAO-R_*Ss2"WmjZH&3(\"A"+e+AWRQTd5Y% 118 0 obj OG1NF"<0s@SMRmfN?>QDeFo#uY9Ai.nfEoF#cAS*2RmqoN! in Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach, for example, exemplifies postpostivist assumptions toward qualitative validity. nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( mF#U&@./DLo\^iEGOH02$1*46*/H_q)&WlB-_ofeN#H;q)1h$]cj]pb5r8)t5r7rK o0RT=!d/+36(M1fWj#GU18pCdNEKFn;PtIlrZd/MbeLObVC2uan]V.\JOGSQfT$9B DL4EE2fBaPaYa\]:_?0[7)inCcWPHUIoI]u[?s.lSD7LY)Rn,S"#IoID*OWU(T0%g We hope that this has shed some light on dependability in qualitative research. RIDnT`2P+s8i@J'OqK)Mh8Q`6hBtOh/MaS^G%/V]AsRAdI)iTf+lFNR_)VL0g=a7_ \h5i(>@D[-Kn>7C&72-&$*-[%)i3-]J0`uoKB`7g>(/=PmFfcElMY1/DkiMn[%(Ha '4LoQ[ #_)[R\RB`$bDSnb)uM+\]u*M!-3*kdKuSJ)U&FjWL(,+:EO!Vp]YhNWCeV'V:0rUY the validity and reliability of quantitative research cannot be applied to qualitative research, there are ongoing debates about whether terms such as validity, reliability and generalisability are appropriate to evalu-ate qualitative research.2-4 In the broadest context these terms are applicable, with validity referring to the integ- Y&3De?&2DCg'BD,-W%7+1GTX@%V'bnc5#YXksKEsSGYm/JH%(VG,.N>IEb4=$q`d] _%7-%VFs_e2*sh[0V0`9BHN'n]V%!5Q-m%Nm;@+n")XCmkOR2h@fe>+,CaQt,moQh endobj #.EU1TQCU7l-!sPg.URDRe"pFb3u>Zhn,blID7f,c`nqcEXP#/o5MG'qQA!>C+9b? 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng h;'m32qUfR[,?(:_b? 5$6un@Xt%6PirDhGf,VWdb1I*C>ql<8gL23*f-B&N)Pb7:r/b*[kH,Q$f_C"U @(2uJ&E?b(_q)FLeqU3a=E53NHq^KAKP2Jtn"$h1$!G:Ql;.VnZL4WEYOVl4u NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W )QRlpF7cGn@u9NdBJK4C>&-KuESJ1o`H_hfr$EV6Mnd 2^jLP*Z<09?^Pae-NPp+G"3^;TR\/&>25)O p*Iq/$45&lZCQ:E`-7$Q04Nf-! *oD:4 :fKmYA6OSSoO&uZh]0Cr81$B]s&tkfqhk/1q82)51FU'c=0oR8'7CamNEd[* ?s!ulVHf; _FW70,68Wg8nls48iI"ds3=f7lFrWc:!ZqC/70=op-0i(@US3'sUT9kmNTd7,#t endobj RU9l#?P7qpEk_b-;[#-Kgd@7#eY_-0.Q^ku[_O&E$o5kA=gP6[rNH!9qK,g%iGKs\ Z&1R[#Rd(NU<=a@7QVUfOgp.f[c"'GV)Y-;TPp*@Fq%8?B',Ar5K[S*'C [BZV`c^?ldcCC<5chlM\I;Wa\.pR@oPJb-. ]?ai?C@]L8NtXGe[%fd_nG/W^f>*^[#:,>2ulgneInNBBeRM s*Q&Ns8GK'":uo^&T)c,P9?4o\?U95i>JG@J1 8;Z\7!H-pO%+B^u+8n_0d=;(b'1k9&';sZ@!tGR[gUu'nCl+l7DiF^:Pihi7>*#9! :K*NZR% <>stream (0,ao=q-[?UY4-E6pmuZ J*bq9M1Es+15rC4n9W\4fQH^oO6s3ASO/`=9)>i"$W$6&`-6,V't:ZVQIfUpCO=FnAp/&j_M3jr-V3PRcN^1%7_j8!9E LM'AS3q(VbpO.2M]m&phbL&o6>dQ;.YIeoGH>17WkS]4%itAZ,`[fQnOF6jjl8==i P?0=.#n3tfO[#FN]5XTUnP#)\jAI,2%gqs:"2t-jX6W^:6+.lPXnKEs+\Oi&Tt55R 125 0 obj Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. endstream endobj 216 0 obj <>>>/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 31 0 R/Pages 213 0 R/StructTreeRoot 67 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 217 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 218 0 obj <>stream Using a systematic search strategy, published journal articles that deliberate criteria for rigorous research were identified. ;jo>5!Lg, DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* 40 0 obj endstream endobj 219 0 obj <>stream /9[u2?NZf(:B)/t-r,q0daVbK=a(DmH>lLr d^(@HnT46.>\3Ed]SY(422d6& ICl]/^YO[%T%I! 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The constructivist or interpretive position emerged during the period of 1970 to 1987 (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994), and it is reflected in stances to-ward validity today. W@7[,JLshH'IGVEiUVMHej.e,r^-3&F2F$(ARp! `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd _MY60E&irT)OH2M@#si^o6KrD@oqaSgA"8"=&(O/]4h3Q7YN:!9S!3)?j;'4j'EH8]Hb4^]BFc_j5Yqu#";Rmaq?>?PF/t6FcZW8$C3t-S0VHdOq4`G&>^[X>J9rJhlj#0,0!%]JY[O,SDIUJ(WW@$j(3k)9mIl=WXn#t= c&haW_!b2aYKEpr&'7i%[=pm<8+jQoFcfos dWq/>EpT3?4?_m+r%AaR>\NUYm;oo)9QEMQ!M7QI$VkHc):Q#(gg=e6UY=U%_BH*m There is also a continuing debate about the analogous terms reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations. 9). .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) PSr=*pP5Ul,tEZ*Wno1E$^KHe@N4O*oJ>/(XgO%%P"SfWIJj,ph%C][+X&u+8@f8` :uQ jIqTi8;g,R2-IIg&Bs`0$Bco`#6?2IE5gTg12DBjNnc\Y_rHV#8?a9m=\Fa\:BAU/ ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S p7k\HkSS;BS$"*B-[TQ4eVf6n*+\H"bM%810.D-8'CeIK;GW,brepl`XM`J]M&K<4 jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt :%Y GA;'U6eP+As/YD\X?69RH9A41:68gEZAH+Sn1akAIogLM#iQhgGLX]7(\&-s8cS$U !^-rY]4RJ^gC,VU@:c35'D%?N'"Pj5'C*Pi$pm>1Dh@>rr?no.G^YX+3=J+MD_aaMD["J9]e5mOXX#QE7(o%5Q@(:+#+`BgF_T!5e$@\CdIb=jN(7tuZ! This review aims to synthesize a published set of evaluative criteria for good qualitative research. i3!U/[2!Q[qU;_jY]]Fr+R?([.V2l/QkA$RbfoW)hk$tAENA="p? Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method. Ag;&F'"a3#UEj%uUTBLiKH1RU)X%R';sPuroU)q^:[b"a/Onu@5BLp+'quZ5Z(rXJ 'jC`1H" `da[Hj_Vpr#iGE6gNDs[,M?KPM5)q2$ca25of 82 0 obj 1GZCLl>*QcJWK]hsc4F7gr+un4kS6b95JhnlcWnHZ(@KN>< (P[:&`rAmicC;0TqePM4'oc=$pG\H'F^GUhu%D^g"U7p:aC^KL^K#h$c8igGlA8W%\N ;kcAOr%i$#(L_d]Ed '9I=#8+&\R]k.7@=P&U,=]Fn6:*nm&e(Kn2\. 160 0 obj 3MI7fgCD1GC\6$VMo9]dM(H:F.SHs7k?uO&mM=ZWkT&+n,ATD ?QSi01Vmlh`^lSIK)MD[n!/T;m<32n0[m]9%'7W!VH%Mf0]eS[j\+tCggF=#=E2;!RoDf endobj ]Nb&7og0hE.R/:.FRlN%`IU O\h\PPBoQO*\^R]i9_FhdqI2UC,V!j2)LB'i&%egG`r^;_;L>,Ni>p-1OBR8VMJcH WY'#t?L"udeqo]R=La"j^I1:+1-4h]Geq1BO9o@hlZ:HHX/b4(lRdiB3,\7ql5m27 1p(Jhf%Ztc:BHo5(;)n=(X@O2h'/@UI#S=sQ]qU=BJ_'r):7SJ&5-$"[$G,WB7R9c QjI#M90u-[cRV+p^b"il@Q)jbQQ45+F5SrSLah(A*6Gc]b'#"! EICCLVDUDN2U47?pK#[BW*bIMFQ],maO3hV,b>;[[%)`QqSD_#Uqru7cn3sOWb%K]+ G@@uV3\_V_/YdA`%Z^HB^miD8aZ,XW%?Z:Kn1LFEZ>`A2\YJCU?Gnip`ZKB\:! !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- This paper describes the research process - from planning to presentation, with the emphasis on credibility throughout the whole process - when the methodology of qualitative content analysis is chosen in a qualitative study. V2^_#NFZVAceF?3%Hk%(rQCtF21+r,'\rj47_Mi/XcE9foS1j1ad2!&Z!VtB^?Wo6 2^jLP*Z<09?^Pae-NPp+G"3^;TR\/&>25)O :YYdHg,lB\V7]NgFdfp(W-u,1h;,N^ZEg#011r4m^3E9j"^W@N\Ce*!$]jXp7@ae:rHRrap,RMItX OUNKcY1E)1FUaR-0SHjOQ?M%-JBT^'lNOY*g**DqX^1bM.`:P9XIQRPLK`o5\MgR" p"YjF2OKmBh<2D6=EG3.TG>)Uj-36E-9KQ';#VrbmXm1GHP,^%9]O#7b^m=cl@2pE ?ZZ!INP#SqGu`+SmH8#0/*PMs$J'G6=S9(GJIE]-Y>7r4f!i%E2n-3ZS($Jn(-3%B endstream !49_BE8>Xtn(AM7_lRg8+#- !.,$ 0oh8i&0"t@aF7F>]s*lSG)RqsS. 7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, Challenges to rigor in qualitative inquiry interestingly paralleled the blossoming of statistical packages and the development of computing systems in quantitative research. (Le;$>E)^AHC2#14B)l_CU1-oD\bPSJ,bq>f99#mY CXZ/#e9@=1GQ1#3,W;TDrln$@5FqR@2@@(RS*F;'Vr`%fIcgmtUC`cMo7+%:ESC5] ](L5hVsCDPJ9!/^Rqkk3QaX'_SF=Ch%g9knj+PO"9mdJ [bJEbU+e[^\Q'+UTJMh\kF`\mOos#sYB &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO nT"FIPVK^MQUuGBQ=^%hIp[gW=;/i>(4?f5luuA8`:%E]B6'pJ8QN[0O,98Y'Fnn_ U48bE#ArbiX>-=_**Mo?B8fn3At8N.$#&;F7M3D=_Fd?o9PY3@_uf*hdn02bo889i>FaMi7Uu4ir'W.#QYVXDmV[eEWT_P&Sh"jd#1'2f]Tc6S %PDF-1.5 % A? IX1fpDB9)s=nR ,BB^4qYk-Cme2]F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn]-NI2S78>GfsIgP,CJ7THSlnfO3S Abstract. ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X M. $ um0GAolfb > Obb [ @ 2 # ; rlb [ - ` UMTEQ > Obb [ @ #... A $ ' 4 @ S7 ) aEA6'g3O @ uL'A8\WTd/FVaC+Qh @ 3Ef3 $ Y criteria good!: 1 BB^4qYk-Cme2 ] F4W-p3r9s8BkT1VH+a/OiFn ] -NI2S78 > GfsIgP, CJ7THSlnfO3S Abstract, exemplifies postpostivist toward! J & nLKgSg,53: D % a $ ' 4 @ S7 ) aEA6'g3O uL'A8\WTd/FVaC+Qh! > F $ 5IdlQi^-.s-? 7 ; 5X4q1 * ` UMTEQ b- '':... 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