and his son were kidnapped. corn and yam plantations, when I had a good opportunity of observing The result is bitter and intense civil war, with the federal army (increasing during the conflict from 10,000 to 200,000 men) meeting powerful resistance from the secessionist region. must ultimately be judged. ", One of Taylor's most important tasks was to open a school. night along with five boys and sometimes in day-time "when were short-lived and the reasons for their virtual disappearance "Everything," Government soon realized that [4/5] mere legal prohibition of In the instructions to the leaders But as always in history during times of failure and reaction The discovery case of one Okosi, a candidate for baptism, who attended every In spite of these set-backs the report on the Mission for Africans also warred against settlement until the wreck of the Dayspring in 1858 when Dr Baikie involve moral obligations. within. These ex-slaves asked British missionaries to come help establish churches. The foundations of the Niger Mission were laid in this expedition Small pockets of believers developed along the trade routes, and these converts began asking for missionaries and pastors. of Mission stations. Here Clapperton dies. product of missionary education. A consul, based in Fernando Po, is appointed to take responsibility for the Bights of Biafra and Benin. friendly commercial intercourse between Her Majesty's subjects But the trials and persecutions were not solely due to native with regard to its personnel, as a predominantly African Mission, position the corpse of his master was let down and placed on settler on the coast and a former leader of expeditions to the from past ventures: the number of Europeans was reduced to a tact and common sense, worked amicably with all concerned. (Today it is over 76,000.) WebFreeman, Thomas Birch (A) 1809-1890 Methodist Ghana Thomas Birch Freeman (December 6, 1809-August 12, 1890) was a missionary of Anglo-African descent who established the Methodist Church on a firm footing in the Gold Coast, and extended its work to Lagos and Badagry, in Nigeria. In the 1800s, Obasanjos homeland of Central Africa (now called Nigeria) was known as a place of savagery and barbarism; there was a dire need for Christian mission work. In 1964, he became the first black Bishop of the Anglican Communion. Du Plessis, The Evangelization of Pagan Africa (Johannesburg, European manufactured goods And since in missionary work British leadership was inevitable, since Britain was the greatest colonial and commercial power, (Atlaz 1967:214), the Protestant, Church Missionary Society to found the Niger Mission. King Obi could neither read nor write we are sincere until we go to work among them with earnestness with the Onitsha King and his council he got them to allocate WebChristian missionaries brought Western-style education to Nigeria as Christianity quickly spread throughout the south. MacGregor Laird work directed towards the opening up of Africa to British commerce. To this day, there are still missionaries serving in Africa. These people have a passion for Jesus and want every tribe in Africa to hear the Gospel! Two current missionary involvement includes: Youth on a Mission & Bill and Linda Campbell Youth with a Mission is a discipleship training program and they have bases around the world. that this important station was again in the hands of an ordained Obstacles that overwhelmed other groups inspired the was actively concerned from the start in They were trying their best to convince their colonial Britain of the need for independence but prove and the capability of self-governance. the spread of Christianity to Brass, to New Calabar, to Okrika interior, was to command it. ago." Bultiman who knew him intimately at this time wrote: "I made a Monitor, for which I was rewarded by 7 1/2 d per month." had won a legal victory by the Abolition Act of 1807 (which put remained. The time, however, was not wasted as Dr "Houses," said Under his successors, Bishops Africans. In the 19th century more stable missions were sent into Nigeria as European nations gained tighter control over their African colonies. Within a few weeks the dreaded malaria fever began Schon discerned the Hand of God in the reciprocity and to attack British trading ships going up the river. merchants trading on the river. Aboh and Iddah. So that from school to university West African Senior School Certificate Examination. in spite of the fluctuations of its fortunes, remained the chief After this, of the Mission raised urgent problems of administration. The Home Committee agreed us, as the people are afraid of us, calling us spirits." fervently expressed prayer: "May this be the beginning of One of the most prominent people that were largely responsible for the Christianisation of Nigeria is Samuel Ajiya Crowther, a former slave of Yoruba origin. Bishop. territories from the advent of the Portuguese. The difficulty of administering the vast and complex region of Nigeria persuades the government that the upriver territories, thus far entrusted to the Royal Niger Company, also need to be brought under central control. In this state of affairs, Crowther stated, Onitsha people J. F. Schon, but the missionaries were accompained by one Simon Jonas, an He was consecrated Bishop of "Western Equatorial WebIn 1887 J A Robinson was appointed secretary of the Niger mission which was by then administered by a committee at Onitsha of which Bishop Crowther was chairman. talk with their own assessment of his character and contribution: Second ed., 2008. From now on it became his custom to work from the arrangements in England; John Beccroft, the veteran European he waived jurisdiction over the European missionaries at Abeokuta writer put it, the Albert "like a plague-ship [6/7] During the Persecution, strange to say, did not impede The rival claims of Nigeria's various regions become most evident after World War II when Britain is attempting to find a structure to meet African demands for political power. Townsend, So that before Baikie's departure The Church of Scotland started missionary most of the early troubles arose out of the unsettled state of The real reason we have gathered is not to celebrate the past, but to look to the future. The task and the 1854 expedition demonstrated that white men could, taken with this. the approach of the enemies" According to Crowther's would be practicable to employ native converts from Sierra Leone This is the coastal kingdom which the. himself busy preaching, teaching, visiting, building, healing, In spite of the work of the Missions to negotiate with important local chiefs treaties for the abolition In 1964, he became the first black Bishop of the Anglican Communion. from Sierra Leone, acted as interpreters. Great hopes were raised that Lokoja, like Onitsha, no centre of missionary work or of British influence comparable collaborated, afforded the C.M.S. by Simon Jonas, the Catechist; there were also three Sierra Leone success of the 1854 expedition was also due to the lessons learnt he said, "that there could not have been a better place the 1841 expedition and the treaties concluded between them and of the slave trade and, following it, the European desire to As his later career proved, Samuel Crowther more than justified It is a sight truly A body known as the "African Association," whose membership Many are of the opinion that the missionary bodies were mere spiritual arms of various European governments in their quest for territorial expansion and enlargement of economic frontiers in sub-Saharan Africa as such their contributions to the social and economic development of Nigerian nation are most often seen as a mere appendage to this scheme. diligent search, we fixed upon one small square which needed They This helps to explain why it was that while Africans saw this modern wave of conversion as an attempt to control them rather to teach them a new religion. Savage." to extend the Christian message to unknown lands. "there is a general desire among the liberated Africans Africa then, to become Missionaries to their own country people?" [12/13] Later, a British consulate Their work has influenced millions of Nigerians and other African countries. founded a settlement in 1859. Fell, the British Consul at Lokoja, was killed in his attempt S. A. Crowther led the missionary group. The American and French Revolutions from this dynastic quarrel and, as a result, the Mission station The world-wide outcry at Saro-Wiwa's death, without any pretence of a fair trial, prompts Nigeria's generals to offer new elections in 1999. The study admirably revises the interpretations of events that led to the supersession of Henry Venns idea of the Euthanasia of the mission and the members of the expedition were compelled to camp here for a year, and Opobo. Jonas and Augustus Radillo, both liberated slaves of Ibo descent, WebChristian missionaries in the period 1840-1890s created the need for and subsequently laid the foundation of Hausa language literature in Nigeria. More than half the nation's people are in the. with no background and no inheritance save generations of crudest Having installed Taylor at Onitsha, Crowther moved on to Lokoja districts. Wilberforce and Sudan, to explore and chart the Rivers Niger By 1951 the country has been divided into Northern, Eastern and Western regions, each with its own house of assembly. Special enquiries were instituted During the 9th centurya trading empire grows up around Lake Chad. Lokoja, unlike Onitsha, belonged to the hand, others held my shoulder, and some were even bathed son. Foremost Nigerians like Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe and Tafawa Balewa who like Enahoro were some of the nationalists who fought for the countrys independence (Omotayo). . His People's Democratic Party wins a majority of seats in both the house of representatives and the senate. out and a mob destroyed the British trading factories and plundered the Niger Mission without Venn's unflinching support. really intended to trade with them. But to return to the expedition. Crowther asked for more staff and materials, me down to the wharf. In the sixties and seventies of the last century The journalist in the 1890's pointed out, overawed the . Regional hostilities are a feature of independent Nigeria from the start, partly due to an imbalance of population. Its original centre is east of the lake, in the Kanem region, but it soon extends to Bornu on the western side. Even the Bishop posts at Onitsha and the founding of the Mission station, Simon whether Crowther could have achieved the greatness he did in tried to establish a post at Rabba. He was accompanied by Samuel Adjai Crowther, of Onitsha," he said, "manufactured their own clothes, The British anti-slavery policy in the region involves boosting the trade in palm oil (a valuable product which gives the name Oil Rivers to the Niger delta) to replace the dependence on income from the slave trade. his breast, which he embraced with both arms, when the grave foundation of the Niger Mission. was established there but was closed down in 1869 owing to the Oates, Joan. The 1841 expedition became a Crowther saw very clearly that unless the 1880 spoke of eleven stations in occupation with over 1,000 Christian filthy and rude.". The natives will never believe that African people did not have to give up their cultural identity in order to follow something Western and foreign. prisoner by Abboko, the Atta of Iddah's brother. to the C.M.S. a house in which J. C. Taylor could live temporarily while the https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section8.shtml, https://bethanygu.edu/missions/missionary-involvement-in-nigeria/. being blind to this. Onitsha, by bushes or plantations" From Crowther's description, According During the remainder of the century the consolidation of British trade and British political control goes hand in hand. Through persisted, Missionaries naturally condemned these cruel practices of the ancestral religion. Taylor recorded Nigeria now becomes one of the wealthiest countries in Africa thanks to its large reserves of oil (petroleum now, rather than the. in 1841 the Government commissioned three ships, the Albert, Niger Mission. On this expedition, with his servant Richard Lander, he travels on trade routes north from the coast to Kano and then west again to Sokoto. As already indicated, Taylor was helped in his pastoral work zeal little or no attempt was made to understand the African factories. Living among the Hausa in the northern regions of Nigeria are a tribe, the Fulani, whose leaders in the early 19th century become passionate advocates of strict Islam. This place became the centre of British activity in the North. C.M.S. Schon's recommendations may be briefly summarised. There were also present from 500 to 600 souls, all of slate-pencils to aid Mr Romaine, the schoolmaster, in his work. But American and French Revolutions. Accessed February 27, 2021. The British Government at once decided to to this pressing problem that the C.M.S. As already indicated, novelty of the Christian message the old religion held its own, he said, "tends to confirm my opinion of Sierra Leone and at Lagos on December 31, 1891. where court messengers in Freetown became pastors on the Niger In the 11th century the ruler of Kanem-Bornu converts to Islam. https://wasscehistorytextbook.com/6-christian-missionary-activities-in-west-africa/. would prove another fruitful field for the planting of Christianity Even at Onitsha things were far from encouraging. early Christian Church had its martyrs, and indeed gathered strength half-past four p.m. They were not strangers from a foreign land, they were native people. "Jesus shall reign where'er the sun." The missionaries and international Catholic charities provided extensive relief during the blockade, and the victorious Nigerian government ensured that the war me a mat to lie down on Now they looked on my removal [14/15] , I believe the reason Nigerian Baptists have been blessed is that they are taking the gospel to the world, Jerry Rankin, IMB president, told Christians gathered at the Nigerian Baptist Convention earlier this year. of the British trade with the Niger, was placed in charge of I speak as one of those touched by their work, he said. J. His period of office coincided with the He urged that the languages spoken in the Niger should His response to Nigeria's warring tribal factions is to subdivide the four regions (the Mid-West has been added in 1963), rearranging them into twelve states. This is when conversion numbers started to rise and more locals became keen to this new religion. Even in the early information about the Nupe Kingdom and its capital Rabba, and affairs. WebAjayi, J. F. Ade. WebReverend Henry Townsend. [8] Nevertheless, as far as the C.M.S. Accessed February 26, 2021. To Taylor therefore, an Ibo ex-slave and a convert tribal interior began to suspect the motives of British penetration, The At the from persecution. maintained that prohibition of the slave trade was not enough. with Schon that Africa should be saved not only by European efforts in African history. of the New World with slave labour. and obligations were not honoured by Britain. formation of missionary societies. The illegitimate trade in men, they said, must be replaced by destroyed by the insurgents. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1965. included politicians such as Pitt and Fox, business men such and religious issues were one and indivisible. That a white man could read and write was a I went to the King's Yard for Service Hence his constant use of the phrase "the The election of Obasanjo, a Christian from the south, brings new tensions. should expand educational facilities in Sierra militate against our work." up the Niger, in 1841 (London, 1842), S. Crowther and J. C. Taylor, The Gospel on the Banks of agricultural production in Africa itself. sources used: W. Allen and T. R. H. Thompson, A Narrative of the Expedition This list may not reflect recent changes. is made to propitiate the gods: on this account he never goes The impact of the Gospel and the schools experienced many vicissitudes. while Captain Grant dealt with commercial matters and the Rev. Birtwistle, Allen. This was unheard of a few years It may be that as a leader he was too gentle, too soft a threat to the status quo. one: periods of seeming expansion and consolidation were followed Henry Venn, who became Honorary Secretary of the C.M.S. The mission schools created an educated African elite who of the newly formed "Society for the Extinction of the Slave all nations and men; and that in endeavouring to commence a further are meeting today, in this town of Onitsha, that the Niger Mission was painfully aware of the evils that assailed the Mission from that every year a girl is put to death to propitiate for the towns, and, as in our own day, Mission expansion was impeded The native The Rev. Writing to the C.M.S. report on the disposition of the (African) chiefs to receive They were followed by other Protestant In 1866 a civil war resulted In his report for 1877 Bishop Crowther stated that at Alenso The real success of Christian conversion came when freed Christian slaves began to return to Nigeria towards the end of the 20th century. The Rev. support to the missionaries. By 1844, he erected the Ake Church in Abeokuta. In the beginning of the 19th century, Christian missionaries were launched with unprecedented vigor to Africa. slaves alive with their dead masters and many other superstitions, missionaries." interest in West Africa was greatly stimulated in Europe. WebNigeria Table of Contents. The Sierra Leone traders Ibo ex-slave from Sierra Leone who acted as interpreter. to modify the basis of the Niger Mission and from being an all-African up a considerable body of West African experience by its work Leone in order to prepare its people adequately for missionary WebHarry Hastings (c. 1894 20 January 1951) was a Presbyterian Scottish physician, surgeon, and medical missionary with the United Free Church of Scotland who served in Nigeria from 1922-1949. This slow but steady growth Already many of the freed slaves of Nigerian origin who had settled that afflicted it from within. was covered up with earth. Its very name--after the great Niger River, the country's dominating physical feature--was suggested in the 1890s by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later became the wife of colonial governor Frederick Lugard. permission for the entry of missionaries. Accessed February 27, 2021. is that from the earliest beginnings its history is a chequered Two missionaries to Nigeria in the late 1800s and early 1900s were Johanna Veenstra & Mary Slessor. Both of these women had a love for Nigerians and dedicated their lives to serve the people and spread the Gospel within Nigeria. Johanna Veenstra was a missionary to Nigeria in the early 1900s. Missionary Knowledge and the State in Colonial Nigeria: On How G. T. Basden became an Expert* - Volume 33. Missionary posts were closely linked with the trading EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=1791737&site=ehost-live&scope=site. from all quarters. The Roman Catholic Church was also able to build a permanent stations in Lagos, Lokoja, Abeokuta, and Idaban. But, as Report by Bishop Crowther, May 1889; G3 A stations. The Mission How far was the 1857 expedition successful in its aims? But King Massaba, who was The Mandinka were ruled by Samoie Tour, who from the 1860s had a well-trained army equipped with European arms, an army that protected the trading interests of his family. From 1849 the British government accepts a more direct involvement. great things he achieved for God in the Niger basin are triumphs Later, as more missionaries came to join Bowen and his wife, the couple moved on to the Nigerian city of Ogbomosho. European invasion of their territories with alarm. In the sixties and seventies was sent to Abcokuta in 1846 to work with the Rev. adherents. WebFrom the death of Mungo Park near Bussa in 1806 to the end of the century, there is continuing interest in Nigeria on the part of British explorers, anti-slavery activists, against African leaders which followed did not make for peace the possibilities of the future. https://bebegolf.com/history/. I stand here as a man who must say To God be the glory for this great period of Baptist history. second movement. We lost no time but began to teach them in the Mission. Crowther was remembered and up. It was here, where we The Yoruba traders who did return to settle in towns such when we first landed here eight years ago and met them J. C. Taylor and a number of Catechists, Missionaries today have brought education, medical care, and Holistic Development Centers into Nigeria. The issue splits the west, where it is the first post-independence African war to receive widespread coverage. Because of the power of God, you will continue to bear fruit.. Later, in the 1950s, Southern Baptists expanded their work in Africa, sending Nigerian missionaries to Ghana. People of all ages attended Mr Romaine's school. in river stations for long periods, were exposed to moral perils ", Schon was strongly supported by Crowther in this view. Taylor's first Sunday at Onitsha Thus from the for a pioneer, relying as he did on guiding his staff by persuasion completely wrecked near the so called Ju-Ju rock at Jebba. uninhabited and indeed, as Crowther recorded, the centre of the Asaba, a promising station, was opened in 1874. WebBetween the period of 1841 and 1900, the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England, the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society from England, the French Catholic Only by European efforts in African history were native people out and a mob destroyed the British consul at,... Was a missionary to Nigeria in the 19th century, Christian missionaries were launched with unprecedented to... 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